Abstract ID: 26-389
Parasitic Infections of the Lacrimal System: A Major Review of Aetiology, Clinical
Author: Yasaman Salari Base Hospital / Institution: Sussex Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
Presentation Type: ePoster Presentation
Purpose
Parasitic infections of the lacrimal system are rare and often under-recognised causes of lacrimal pathology. Their clinical presentation frequently mimics more common conditions such as chronic dacryocystitis, leading to diagnostic challenges and delays in appropriate management. This study aims to systematically review the literature on parasitic infections of the lacrimal system and to characterise their aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, management strategies, and outcomes.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted across MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, and PubMed from inception to March 2026. Studies reporting parasitic infections involving the lacrimal apparatus were included. Data on demographics, clinical presentation, anatomical involvement, causative organisms, diagnostic methods, treatment, and outcomes were extracted. Due to heterogeneity and predominance of case reports and small series, a qualitative descriptive analysis was performed.
Results
A total of 44 studies comprising 172 cases were included. Rhinosporidium seeberi was the most frequently reported pathogen, accounting for 147 cases (85.5%), followed by Leishmania (8 cases, 4.7%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (7 cases, 4.1%). The lacrimal sac was the most commonly involved site. Clinical presentation was non-specific, with epiphora and medial canthal swelling predominating. Diagnosis was most often established by histopathology following surgical intervention. Management varied by aetiology, with surgical excision commonly used for rhinosporidiosis and mechanical extraction for helminthic infections. Outcomes were generally favourable, although recurrence was reported, particularly in Rhinosporidium seeberi infections.
Conclusion
Parasitic infections of the lacrimal system are rare but clinically important, with diverse presentations and management approaches. Increased awareness is essential for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Further studies with standardised reporting are needed to optimise management strategies.
Additional Authors
| First name | Last name | Base Hospital / Institution |
|---|---|---|
| Valerie | Juniat | Sussex Eye Hospital |
| Mohammad Javed | Ali | Prasad Eye Institute |