Purpose

To evaluate visual outcomes, survival, and recurrence patterns in patients with orbit and adnexal lymphoma treated at a tertiary care center.

---

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients with biopsy proven orbit and adnexal lymphoma treated at a tertiary care center between 2011 to 2025. Patients with incomplete records or inadequate follow-up were excluded. Data collected included demographic profile, clinical presentation, imaging findings, histopathological subtype, treatment modality, follow-up duration, recurrence, survival status, and final BCVA. Visual outcomes were graded using WHO visual impairment criteria, and descriptive statistical analysis was performed.

---

Results

A total of 54 patients were included, with a mean age of 57 years (32–86 years) and male predominance (2.7:1). The orbit was the most commonly involved site (50%), followed by the lacrimal gland (22.2%), conjunctiva (14.8%), and eyelid/adnexa (13%). Marginal zone lymphoma was the predominant subtype (92.6%). Radiotherapy was the main treatment modality (87%). Mean follow-up was 64.4 months (maximum 170 months). Visual outcomes were favorable, with 44 patients (81.5%) maintaining good visual acuity following treatment. Mild visual impairment occurred in 11.1% of patients, while moderate and severe impairment were each observed in 3.7% of cases. No local recurrence was identified during the follow-up period. Overall survival was 96.3%, with only two recorded deaths.

---

Conclusion

Orbit and adnexal lymphoma demonstrated excellent disease control, survival, and preservation of functional vision in this cohort. Marginal zone lymphoma was the predominant subtype, and radiotherapy remained the cornerstone of management with minimal severe visual morbidity, likely reflecting advances in treatment delivery. No recurrences were observed during prolonged follow-up, although lifelong surveillance remains important because late recurrences are recognized. This study represents one of the longest follow-up analysis and uniquely evaluates survival, recurrence, and visual outcomes concurrently.

---

Additional Authors

First name	Last name	Base Hospital / Institution
Dr Marian	Pauly	Giridhar Eye Institute
Dr Shebin	Salim	Giridhar Eye Institute

↑ Back to top